{"id":1569,"date":"2017-02-15T21:41:54","date_gmt":"2017-02-15T21:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/?p=1569"},"modified":"2017-07-03T11:03:58","modified_gmt":"2017-07-03T11:03:58","slug":"14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/archives\/1569","title":{"rendered":"Cine nu are b\u0103tr\u00e2ni, s\u0103-\u0219i cumpere?"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ back_image=”1804″ overlay_color=”accent” overlay_alpha=”17″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”SUS”][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_horizontal=”right” align_horizontal=”align_right” overlay_alpha=”25″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Cine nu are b\u0103tr\u00eeni,
\ns\u0103-\u0219i cumpere?<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
text de<\/span> Vintil\u0103 Mih\u0103ilescu
\n<\/span><\/span>fotografii de<\/span> Ioana Moldovan<\/span><\/h5>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”5″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”2″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_visibility=”yes” mobile_visibility=”yes” shift_y=”0″][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1486499586921{padding-top: -5px !important;padding-right: -5px !important;padding-bottom: -5px !important;padding-left: -5px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

apas\u0103 pe imaginea de mai jos\u00a0pentru a deschide galeria de fotografii<\/span><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”5″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”2″ bottom_padding=”2″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ desktop_visibility=”yes” shift_y=”0″][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1486499618069{padding-top: -5px !important;padding-right: -5px !important;padding-bottom: -5px !important;padding-left: -5px !important;}”]<\/p>\n

gliseaz\u0103 pentru mai multe\u00a0fotografii<\/span><\/h4>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”0″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”FOTOGRAFII” css=”.vc_custom_1481753206701{padding-top: -100% !important;}”][vc_column column_width_percent=”10″ align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”0″ medium_visibility=”yes” medium_width=”0″ mobile_visibility=”yes” shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” expand_height=”yes” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”2\/3″][vc_gallery el_id=”gallery-batrani” type=”carousel” medias=”1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1810″ gallery_back_color=”color-lxmt” carousel_lg=”1″ carousel_md=”1″ carousel_sm=”1″ gutter_size=”1″ media_items=”media|lightbox|original,caption” carousel_type=”fade” carousel_interval=”0″ carousel_navspeed=”400″ carousel_loop=”yes” carousel_nav=”yes” carousel_dots=”yes” carousel_dots_mobile=”yes” carousel_autoh=”yes” single_text=”under” single_back_color=”color-lxmt” single_overlay_opacity=”50″ single_overlay_anim=”no” single_image_anim=”no” single_v_position=”top” single_reduced=”half” single_h_position=”center” single_padding=”1″ single_text_reduced=”yes” single_title_dimension=”bigtext” single_title_family=”font-319756″ lbox_skin=”white” lbox_dir=”vertical” lbox_caption=”yes” lbox_social=”yes” lbox_no_tmb=”yes”][vc_empty_space empty_h=”0″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_width_percent=”10″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/6″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]Cine nu are b\u0103tr\u00eeni, s\u0103-\u0219i cumpere?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mai este oare valabil\u0103, \u00een zilele noastre, aceast\u0103 sentin\u021b\u0103 din b\u0103tr\u00eeni?<\/p>\n

S\u0103 vedem \u00eens\u0103, mai \u00eent\u00eei, cine ne sunt, \u00een prezent, \u201eb\u0103tr\u00eenii\u201d. Pu\u021bin\u0103 demografie, deci.<\/p>\n

Se vorbe\u0219te de mult despre \u201e\u00eemb\u0103tr\u00eenirea demografic\u0103\u201d<\/strong>, dar criza demografic\u0103 actual\u0103 este mult mai profund\u0103 \u0219i, ciudat, mult mai pu\u021bin luat\u0103 \u00een considerare. Am pierdut din popula\u021bie, o \u0219tim, dar aceast\u0103 pierdere este de peste 4 milioane din 1990 p\u00een\u0103 \u00een prezent \u0219i continu\u0103 cam \u00een acela\u0219i ritm.<\/p>\n

Au plecat to\u021bi tinerii din \u021bar\u0103!<\/em> \u2013 \u00ee\u0219i explic\u0103 majoritatea oamenilor.<\/p>\n

Da, au plecat, dar nu este numai asta. Mai important\u0103 este pr\u0103bu\u0219irea natalit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i a fertilit\u0103\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Astfel, dup\u0103 un v\u00eerf de 27,4\u2030 \u00een 1967, natalitatea a sc\u0103zut \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103<\/strong>: 16\u2030 \u00een 1980, 13,6\u2030 \u00een 1990, 9,9\u2030 \u00een 2010; \u00een 2020 va ajunge probabil pe la 8\u2030. De asemenea, rata general\u0103 de fertilitate a sc\u0103zut<\/strong> de la 2,2 copii \u00een 1989 la 1,3 \u00eencep\u00eend cu 1994, plas\u00eend Rom\u00e2nia sub media european\u0103 de 1,4. Simplific\u00eend lucrurile, de la doi copii, familiile din Rom\u00e2nia au \u00eenceput s\u0103 aib\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 un copil. A\u0219a se face c\u0103, dac\u0103 num\u0103rul de pensionari scade constant din 2000 \u00eencoace (de la 6.154.000, la 5.273.000 \u00een 2016), ponderea persoanelor v\u00eerstnice cre\u0219te rapid. Astfel, indicele de dependen\u021b\u0103 demografic\u0103 (pondere persoane tinere \u0219i v\u00eerstnice la 100 persoane adulte) a ajuns la 49% la \u00eenceputul lui 2016, iar cel de dependen\u021b\u0103 de v\u00eerst\u0103 (persoane de peste 65 de ani la 100 persoane \u00eentre 20 \u0219i 64 de ani) a dep\u0103\u0219it 26% \u0219i va ajunge la aproximativ 31% \u00een 2020. Mai simplu spus: ponderea popula\u021biei de 65 ani \u0219i peste \u00een total popula\u021bie (adic\u0103 a \u201eb\u0103tr\u00eenilor\u201d) a crescut de la 10,3% \u00een 1990, la 17,4% la 1 ianuarie 2016, dep\u0103\u0219ind din 2013 ponderea popula\u021biei de 0-14 ani (care a sc\u0103zut de la de la 23,7% \u00een 1990 la aproximativ 14% \u00een prezent).<\/p>\n

\u0218i mai simplu spus: tot mai mul\u021bi b\u0103tr\u00eeni \u2013 \u0219i din ce \u00een ce mai b\u0103tr\u00eeni \u2013 \u0219i tot mai pu\u021bini copii. Printre altele, aceasta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 tot mai pu\u021bin\u0103 popula\u021bie activ\u0103 va trebui s\u0103 \u00eentre\u021bin\u0103 tot mai mul\u021bi b\u0103tr\u00eeni. \u0218i aceasta \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care, \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te durata medie de via\u021b\u0103 activ\u0103 (durata \u00een care o persoan\u0103 cu v\u00eersta de 15 ani va fi activ\u0103 \u2013 fie angajat\u0103, fie \u0219omer\u0103 \u2013 pe parcursul \u00eentregii vie\u021bi) ne situ\u0103m pe locul 21 \u00een UE28, cu un decalaj uria\u0219 \u00eentre b\u0103rba\u021bi (locul 15) \u0219i femei (locul 25)…[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”0″ back_image=”1808″ back_attachment=”fixed” back_position=”center center” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”25″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Ioan Dobrescu, 78 \u00ee\u0219i ocup\u0103 timpul av\u00e2nd grij\u0103 de animalele din ograd\u0103. Copiii \u00eens\u0103 vin \u0219i \u00eel viziteaz\u0103 \u00een casa sa din Poiana M\u0103rului, \u00eei mai aduc de m\u00e2ncare.\u00a0\u00a9 Ioana Moldovan<\/b><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dar cum tr\u0103iesc, deocamdat\u0103, ace\u0219ti b\u0103tr\u00eeni?<\/p>\n

Datele sunt seci: \u00een 2016, 35% din totalul pensionarilor au avut venituri sub pragul de subzisten\u021b\u0103 calculat pentru un pensionar singur (adic\u0103 594 lei), iar 44% din totalul pensionarilor au avut venituri sub pragul minim decent (adic\u0103 752 lei) \u2013 ne spune un studiu ICCV. Sau alte cifre: 9% dintre pensionarii de asigur\u0103ri sociale de stat \u0219i agricultori se aflau sub pragul s\u0103r\u0103ciei absolute, iar 40% sub pragul s\u0103r\u0103ciei relative. Pensiile (care asigur\u0103 pu\u021bin peste jum\u0103tate\u00a0din veniturile totale lunare ale gospod\u0103riei) au crescut, este adev\u0103rat, dar puterea lor de cump\u0103rare a sc\u0103zut. \u00cen final, peste 40% dintre aceste gospod\u0103rii declar\u0103 c\u0103 nu au putut face fa\u021b\u0103 cheltuielilor curente cu venitul existent \u2013 procentul fiind, ca totdeauna, mai mare \u00een rural dec\u00eet \u00een urban. Una peste alta, putem spune c\u0103 aproximativ jum\u0103tate din b\u0103tr\u00eenii Rom\u00e2niei o duc prost spre foarte prost.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen aceste condi\u021bii, nu este de mirare c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia conduce deta\u0219at topul european al persoanelor de v\u00eersta a treia economic active (20,8% dintre persoanele \u00eentre 65 \u0219i 84 de ani \u0219i 9,6% dintre cele de peste 85 de ani). Dar este oare acesta un motiv de m\u00eendrie sau, dimpotriv\u0103, de triste\u021be? Toate aceste persoane s\u00eent \u201eeconomic active\u201d nu pentru c\u0103 vor s\u0103 fac\u0103 fitness sau au un hobby, ci pentru c\u0103 nu au \u00eencotro \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00een\u0103 active pentru a supravie\u021bui![\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”0″ back_image=”1809″ back_attachment=”fixed” back_position=”center center” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”25″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Batr\u00e2n la t\u0103iatul porcului \u00een S\u0103lcioara, jude\u021bul Ialomi\u021ba. \u00a9 Ioana Moldovan<\/b><\/h5>\n

 <\/p>\n

Toate aceste aspecte ale vie\u021bii b\u0103tr\u00eenilor sunt (relativ) vizibile, pot fi \u00eenregistrate, comparate \u0219i transformate \u00een policy papers<\/em>. Ceea ce este mai pu\u021bin vizibil este ceea ce e \u00een sufletul<\/em> acestor oameni. Un prim lucru pe care \u00eel \u0219tim este singur\u0103tatea<\/em><\/strong>: cam 1,5 milioane de persoane v\u00eerstnice ar fi afectate de aceast\u0103 problem\u0103, consider\u0103 un studiu GFK. \u201eSingur\u0103tatea\u201d se rezum\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 aici mai degrab\u0103 la izolarea fizic\u0103. Astfel, num\u0103rul gospod\u0103riilor formate dintr-o singur\u0103 persoan\u0103 av\u00eend v\u00eersta mai mare de 60 de ani a crescut cu 14% \u00een primul deceniu al post-comunismului \u0219i este \u00een continu\u0103 cre\u0219tere \u2013 ceea ce oricum este grav.<\/p>\n

Dar exist\u0103 \u0219i alte forme de izolare: cele sociale, care \u021bin de statut, de apreciere, de imagine public\u0103.<\/strong> Or, din acest punct de vedere, b\u0103tr\u00eenii din Rom\u00e2nia par s\u0103 fie supu\u0219i unei degrad\u0103ri morale alarmante. \u00cen condi\u021biile \u00een care familia se afl\u0103 \u00een continuare \u00een topul tuturor sondajelor referitoare la valorile centrale ale rom\u00e2nilor, bunicii<\/em> \u00eencep s\u0103 fie percepu\u021bi \u0219i trata\u021bi tot mai mult ca pensionari<\/em> \u2013 o povar\u0103 mai mult dec\u00eet un ajutor, un mo\u0219 mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00eet un str\u0103mo\u0219, un str\u0103in mai degrab\u0103 dec\u00eet un membru al familiei. Mai mult, \u201eb\u0103tr\u00eenii\u201d sunt \u00eenvinui\u021bi tot mai mult de \u201estarea na\u021biunii\u201d: ei sunt nostalgicii comunismului, ei \u201estric\u0103\u201d alegerile, ei sunt piedica \u00een calea dezvolt\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Ie\u0219i\u021bi \u00een strad\u0103, e timpul pentru o schimbare, dac\u0103 tineretul nu face nimic, b\u0103tr\u00eenii ne hot\u0103r\u0103sc soarta!<\/em> \u2013 i-a mobilizat Ombladon pe tineri la manifesta\u021biile din Bucure\u0219ti. \u00cen sf\u00eer\u0219it, b\u0103tr\u00eenii \u2013 adic\u0103, pur \u0219i simplu p\u0103rin\u021bii \u2013 \u00eencep s\u0103 devin\u0103 \u021bapii isp\u0103\u0219itori pentru lipsa de orizont sau e\u0219ecul tinerilor \u2013 adic\u0103 al propiilor copii. Dac\u0103 p\u0103rin\u021bii no\u0219tri au reu\u0219it f\u0103r\u0103 prea mari eforturi s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i ia un apartament, adic\u0103 o cutiu\u021b\u0103 artificial\u0103 pe vertical\u0103 \u00eentr-un bloc cu <\/em>n cutiu\u021be, iat\u0103 c\u0103 noi nu mai avem nici luxul \u0103sta \u2013 <\/em>posta, revoltat\u0103, o t\u00een\u0103r\u0103 pe un cont de facebook. \u00cen cel mai bun caz ne putem pl\u0103ti o chirie, pe care o schimb\u0103m dup\u0103 cum bate v\u00eentul schimb\u0103rii, care ne m\u0103tur\u0103 la intervale regulate. Acum care ar fi atitudinea potrivit\u0103? S\u0103 nu mai privim cu invidie la p\u0103rin\u021bii no\u0219tri \u0219i s\u0103 ne a\u0219ez\u0103m pe o banc\u0103 \u00een parc, \u00eemp\u0103ca\u021bi cu epoca \u0219i cu condi\u021biile ei?<\/em><\/p>\n

Nu mi se pare \u00eens\u0103 nimic de \u201einvidiat\u201d la situa\u021bia actual\u0103 a b\u0103tr\u00eenilor din Rom\u00e2nia…[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”0″ back_image=”1800″ back_attachment=”fixed” back_position=”center center” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”25″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Francisc Barabas, 76, a fost miner \u00een Petrila timp de 26 de ani. Majoritatea colegilor s\u0103i au murit. Acum trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 grija de nevasta sa, care nu se mai poate deplasa dec\u00e2t cu cadru. \u00a9 Ioana Moldovan<\/b><\/h5>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ back_image=”1804″ overlay_color=”accent” overlay_alpha=”17″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”SUS”][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_horizontal=”right” align_horizontal=”align_right” overlay_alpha=”25″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text] Cine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":43236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[95],"tags":[100],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1569"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1569"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1569\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43541,"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1569\/revisions\/43541"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}