{"id":1538,"date":"2017-02-18T21:25:46","date_gmt":"2017-02-18T21:25:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/?p=1538"},"modified":"2018-11-22T20:26:50","modified_gmt":"2018-11-22T20:26:50","slug":"13-la-scoala-profesionala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.documentaria.ro\/content\/archives\/1538","title":{"rendered":"La \u0218coala Profesional\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ back_image=”1553″ back_position=”center center” overlay_alpha=”17″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”SUS”][vc_column column_width_percent=”100″ position_vertical=”bottom” align_horizontal=”align_center” overlay_alpha=”25″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]Ca s\u0103 vin\u0103 la \u0218coala Profesional\u0103 German\u0103 Kronstadt, din Bra\u0219ov, unii elevi din sate ie\u0219ene pleac\u0103 de l\u00e2ng\u0103 p\u0103rin\u021bi ca s\u0103 stea \u00een internat \u0219i renun\u021b\u0103 la vise, ca s\u0103 lucreze la strung. Pentru c\u0103 la 14 ani au \u00een\u021beles c\u0103 o meserie \u0219i un loc de munc\u0103 sunt mai importante.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/1″][vc_single_image media=”1545″ caption=”yes” media_lightbox=”yes” media_width_percent=”90″ alignment=”center” advanced=”yes” media_items=”media|original,caption” media_text=”under” media_back_color=”color-lxmt” media_overlay_opacity=”1″ media_text_anim=”no” media_overlay_anim=”no” media_image_anim=”no” media_padding=”1″ lbox_caption=”yes” lbox_connected=”yes”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]Florentina Zaharia are 15 ani \u0219i e a treia \u00eentre cinci surori. A crescut \u00een satul Sc\u00e2nteia, la vreo 30 km de Ia\u0219i, iar acum e \u00een clasa a IX-a la \u0218coala Profesional\u0103 German\u0103 Kronstadt din Bra\u0219ov. \u00cenva\u021b\u0103 s\u0103 devin\u0103 operator pe ma\u0219ini cu comand\u0103 numeric\u0103. A avut media peste 9 \u00een clasele V-VIII \u0219i 8.09 la testele na\u021bionale \u0219i crede c\u0103 ar fi putut merge la orice liceu din Ia\u0219i. Ar fi ales Colegiul de Art\u0103 \u201eOctav B\u0103ncil\u0103\u201d, sec\u021bia Canto, pentru c\u0103 \u00eei place s\u0103 c\u00e2nte \u0219i e convins\u0103 c\u0103 ar fi trecut de proba eliminatorie.<\/p>\n

Dar undeva \u00een iarna anului trecut mama ei a c\u0103zut \u0219i s-a lovit la spate. \u00cen spital o doamn\u0103 i-a povestit despre aceast\u0103 \u0219coal\u0103 din Bra\u0219ov unde \u00eenve\u021bi trei ani o meserie, faci practic\u0103 la firme germane, iar la sf\u00e2r\u0219it, dac\u0103 e\u0219ti bun, te angajeaz\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201eMam\u0103, profesional\u0103, serios?\u201d, \u00ee\u0219i aminte\u0219te Florentina discu\u021bia. Dar s-a uitat pe site-ul \u0219colii de n<\/em> ori \u0219i a vorbit pe Facebook cu elevi de aici. Au zis c\u0103 e OK.<\/p>\n

\u201eTermini ace\u0219ti trei ani \u0219i ai op\u021biunea de a face \u0219i seralul \u00een timp ce lucrezi. Iei 18 milioane \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103, plus bonuri de mas\u0103, plus drum decontat, ce mai vrei?\u201d, spune azi fata, cu un u\u0219or accent ardelenesc.<\/p>\n

\u00cenainte s\u0103 dea examenul la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul clasei a VIII-a \u2013 a c\u0103rui not\u0103 nu conteaz\u0103 la \u0218coala Kronstadt\u00a0\u2013 Florentina a venit la Bra\u0219ov \u0219i a sus\u021binut examenul de admitere: logic\u0103, rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i matematic\u0103, un test psihologic \u0219i trei interviuri cu trei firme pe care le-a ales ea, dintre cele cu care \u0219coala lucreaz\u0103. S-a documentat \u0219i a avut ca prim\u0103 op\u021biune Schaefller, care produce rulmen\u021bi.<\/p>\n

\u201eLe-am zis c\u0103 vreau s\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b meserie, s\u0103 fiu independent\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 m\u0103 ridic c\u00e2t mai sus.\u201d I-au zis c\u0103 e prea matur\u0103 pentru v\u00e2rsta ei \u0219i au luat-o, astfel c\u0103 \u00een cei trei ani va face practic\u0103 la ei \u0219i dup\u0103 aceea se poate \u0219i angaja.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”0″ back_image=”1546″ back_attachment=”fixed” back_position=”center center” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”25″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”2″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”2″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Or\u0103 de curs la \u0218coala Kronstadt, Bra\u0219ov, noiembrie 2016 \u00a9 Bogdan Dinc\u0103<\/h5>\n

\u0218coala Kronstadt\u00a0este o \u0219coal\u0103 profesional\u0103 de stat cu durata de trei ani, singura \u00een sistem dual<\/strong> la noi \u00een \u021bar\u0103, dup\u0103 un model foarte popular \u00een Germania, Austria sau Danemarca. \u0218coala respect\u0103 programa stabilit\u0103 de Ministerul Educa\u021biei, iar dualitatea const\u0103 \u00een faptul c\u0103 responsabilit\u0103\u021bile<\/strong> \u0219i costurile<\/strong> sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00eentre institu\u021bia de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i poten\u021bialii angajatori<\/strong>. Mai exact, ace\u0219tia din urm\u0103 investesc \u00een laboratoare, au un cuv\u00e2nt de spus \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te materia de specialitate \u0219i aducerea ei \u00een actualitate, suport\u0103 o parte dintre cheltuieli (cum ar fi mesele \u0219i cazarea \u00een c\u0103min), iar elevii fac mai mult\u0103 practic\u0103 dec\u00e2t \u00een liceele tehnologice \u0219i la sediul companiilor, nu \u00een \u0219coal\u0103.<\/p>\n

Elevii nu pl\u0103tesc tax\u0103 \u0219i primesc o bursa lunar\u0103 de 200 de lei de la Ministerul Educa\u021biei \u0219i tot at\u00e2ta de la firmele unde fac practic\u0103. \u0218coala are \u00een prezent cinci specializ\u0103ri: operator la ma\u0219ini cu comand\u0103 numeric\u0103, sudor, electromecanic, sculer matri\u021ber \u0219i confec\u021bioner articole din piele, iar diploma de calificare pe care o emite la sf\u00e2r\u0219it este recunoscut\u0103 \u0219i \u00een Uniunea European\u0103.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”0″ back_image=”1547″ back_attachment=”fixed” back_position=”center center” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”25″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”2″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”2″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Atelier, \u0218coala Kronstadt, Bra\u0219ov, noiembrie 2016 \u00a9 Bogdan Dinc\u0103<\/h5>\n

La \u0218coala Kronstadt disciplina \u0219i seriozitatea sunt reguli de aur: media minim\u0103 e 6.5<\/strong>, nu 5, iar absen\u021bele nemotivate nu sunt tolerate \u0219i chiar se reporteaz\u0103 de la un an la altul. La o absen\u021b\u0103 nemotivat\u0103 elevii risc\u0103 s\u0103 piard\u0103 abonamentul gratuit de transport \u00een comun \u00een Bra\u0219ov, la \u0219apte li se taie din bursa de la stat, iar la 20 \u2013 din cea de la firm\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 foarte rar se ajunge \u00een acel punct. \u00centre elev, p\u0103rin\u021bi, \u0219coal\u0103 \u0219i companie se \u00eencheie un contract de practic\u0103. Dac\u0103 elevul nu \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendepline\u0219te sarcinile, firma poate \u00eentrerupe contractul, iar copilul trebuie s\u0103 se transfere la alt\u0103 \u0219coal\u0103.<\/p>\n

Concuren\u021ba la admitere este de doi pe loc, iar elevii vin din ora\u0219ul Bra\u0219ov \u00een propor\u021bie de 30%, din jude\u021bul Bra\u0219ov 40%, iar restul \u2013 din peste zece jude\u021be ale \u021b\u0103rii, asta \u0219i pentru c\u0103 \u0219coala investe\u0219te foarte mult \u00een marketing \u0219i promovare \u0219i merge efectiv \u00een \u0219coli generale pentru a se face cunoscut\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u0218coala Kronstadt s-a \u00eenfiin\u0163at \u00een 2012, cu cinci clase \u0219i 111 elevi.\u00a0Acum are 24 de clase la zi (IX- XI) \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103 trei la seral (XI-XIII: elevi ai \u0219colii care dup\u0103 cei trei ani s-au angajat, dar au decis s\u0103 termine \u0219i studiile liceale). \u00cen var\u0103 \u0219coala va avea prima genera\u021bie care va da BAC-ul \u0219i atunci se va vedea dac\u0103 merit\u0103 men\u021binut acest sistem, spune directoarea Daniela Croitoru.<\/p>\n

\u201eCei care fac \u0219i seralul sunt deja angaja\u021bi de companiile partenere \u0219i sunt \u00eentr-un fel privilegia\u021bi: sunt \u00eenvoi\u021bi \u0219i nu fac at\u00e2t de mult schimbul II, ca s\u0103 poat\u0103 veni. Scopul nostru e s\u0103 se angajeze, nu s\u0103 \u00eengroa\u0219e r\u00e2ndurile \u0219omerilor\u201d, explic\u0103 directoarea, ea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i inginer mecanic. Pentru genera\u021bia care a terminat \u00een 2016, gradul de angajare a fost 100%.<\/p>\n

Nu exist\u0103 nicio obliga\u021bie ca dup\u0103 absolvire elevul s\u0103 se angajeze \u00een firma unde a f\u0103cut practic\u0103 sau ca aceasta s\u0103 \u00eel angajeze. Dar de regul\u0103 a\u0219a se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103, pentru c\u0103 acest a fost, de fapt, \u0219i motivul \u00eenfiin\u021b\u0103rii \u0219colii.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”0″ back_image=”1551″ back_attachment=”fixed” back_position=”center center” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”25″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”2″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”2″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Laborator de informatic\u0103, \u0218coala Kronstadt, Bra\u0219ov, noiembrie 2016 \u00a9 Bogdan Dinc\u0103<\/h5>\n

\u201eIdeea au avut-o agen\u021bii economici care au cerut ministerului \u0219i prim\u0103riei \u00eenfiin\u021barea unei \u0219coli\u201d, spune Cristian Vieru, consilier educa\u021bional \u0219i membru \u00een comisia de marketing. Vieru este profesor de rom\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i a fost de la \u00eenceput \u00een Kronstadt. \u00ce\u0219i aminte\u0219te c\u0103 \u00een primul an reprezentan\u021bi ai firmelor din Bra\u0219ov \u0219i vreo 10 profesori (acum sunt 50), cu sprijinul unui reprezentant al Ministerului Educa\u021biei, au creat, practic, bazele unui sistem care nu existase p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci \u0219i care nici dup\u0103 aceea nu a mai putut fi replicat<\/strong>. \u00cen primul an \u0219coala a func\u021bionat \u00een cadrul unui colegiu tehnic, apoi a ob\u021binut personlitate juridic\u0103 \u0219i este p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi singura \u0219coal\u0103 \u00een sistem dual de sine st\u0103t\u0103toare<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u201eA fost o aliniere de planete\u201d, spune Vieru. \u201ePutea s\u0103 nu mearg\u0103, dar am ajuns aici.\u201d<\/p>\n

Chiar \u0219i a\u0219a, \u0219coala nu reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 acopere necesarul de for\u021b\u0103 de munc\u0103 al zonei, spune Croitoru. Ar trebui s\u0103 fie mult mai mul\u021bi elevi, \u0219i doritori ar fi, dar exist\u0103 ni\u0219te limit\u0103ri care \u021bin de num\u0103rul de s\u0103li disponibile, de locurile \u00een c\u0103min \u0219i de num\u0103rul de clase aprobate de inspectorat.<\/p>\n

\u201eAr trebui s\u0103 existe la nivel de jude\u021b sau de dou\u0103-trei jude\u021be c\u00e2te un centru de formare profesional\u0103 a\u0219a cum suntem noi\u201d, adaug\u0103 directoarea, care s\u0103 coaguleze deopotriv\u0103 nevoile, resursele \u0219i investi\u021bia companiilor.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”0″ back_image=”1550″ back_attachment=”fixed” back_position=”center center” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”25″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”2″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”2″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Lorena \u0219i sora ei Roxana \u00een timpul unei ore, \u0218coala Kronstadt, Bra\u0219ov, octombrie 2016 \u00a9 Bogdan Dinc\u0103<\/h5>\n

\u201eAvem foarte mul\u021bi copii care renun\u021b\u0103 la licee teoretice ca s\u0103 vin\u0103 la noi. \u00cei determin\u0103 concuren\u021ba \u2013 vor s\u0103 fac\u0103 parte dintr-o elit\u0103\u201d, spune Vieru.<\/p>\n

E cazul Lorenei \u021au\u021bu, 17 ani, elev\u0103 \u00een clasa X-a la Kronstadt \u0219i coleg\u0103 cu sora ei mai mic\u0103, Roxana. Lorena a f\u0103cut un an de liceu economic \u00eentr-un sat din Ia\u0219i \u0219i a venit la Bra\u0219ov impulsionat\u0103 de unchiul ei, care lucreaz\u0103 la una dintre companiile cu care \u0219coala colaboreaz\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201eAcolo, \u00een Coarnele Caprei, n-aveam niciun viitor\u201d, spune \u0219i sora ei.<\/p>\n

\u201eMul\u021bi colegi mi-au zis c\u0103 sunt nebun\u0103 c\u0103 m\u0103 duc la profesional\u0103\u201d, \u00ee\u0219i aminte\u0219te Florentina Zaharia. \u201eLe-am zis: ne vedem peste trei-patru ani. Ve\u021bi vedea unde am ajuns eu \u0219i unde a\u021bi ajuns voi cu diploma de BAC\u201d, spune fata, hot\u0103r\u00e2t\u0103 s\u0103 nu renun\u021be la canto, s\u0103 fac\u0103 \u0219i seralul \u0219i s\u0103 se duc\u0103 \u0219i \u00een Germania la specializare, dac\u0103 firma o va trimite.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row unlock_row_content=”yes” row_height_percent=”100″ override_padding=”yes” h_padding=”0″ top_padding=”0″ bottom_padding=”0″ back_image=”1563″ back_attachment=”fixed” back_position=”center center” overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”25″ position_vertical=”middle” align_horizontal=”align_center” override_padding=”yes” column_padding=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][vc_empty_space empty_h=”5″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul profesional<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul profesional se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu clasa a IX-a, \u00een dou\u0103 variante:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. pe durata a patru ani<\/strong>, \u00een licee tehnologice, la finalul c\u0103rora elevii ob\u021bin o calificare de nivel 4<\/strong>: de exemplu, tehnician (\u00een industria piel\u0103riei, \u00een construc\u021bii, technician agronom sau veterinar) \u0219i trebuie s\u0103 dea \u0219i BAC-ul;<\/li>\n
  2. pe durata a trei ani<\/strong>, \u00een \u0219coli precum Kronstadt sau tot \u00een cadrul liceelor tehnologice, la finalul c\u0103rora elevii dob\u00e2ndesc o calificare de nivel 3<\/strong> \u2013 echivalentul unui muncitor calificat (croitor, cizmar, p\u0103durar) \u2013 \u0219i certificatul de absolvire a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntului obligatoriu. \u00cen baza acestei calific\u0103ri profesionale se pot angaja oriunde \u00een Rom\u00e2nia sau \u00een Uniunea European\u0103, iar dac\u0103 vor s\u0103-\u0219i continue studiile, se pot \u00eenscrie \u00een clasa a XI-a la seral.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”INFOGRAFIC”][vc_column width=”1\/1″][vc_single_image media=”1556″ media_width_percent=”50″ alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row row_height_percent=”0″ back_color=”color-xsdn” overlay_alpha=”90″ gutter_size=”3″ shift_y=”0″ row_name=”TEXT”][vc_column column_width_percent=”70″ overlay_alpha=”50″ gutter_size=”3″ medium_width=”0″ shift_x=”0″ shift_y=”0″ z_index=”0″ width=”1\/1″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    \u0218apte ani de schimb\u0103ri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een noiembrie 2016, cadrul legislativ referitor la \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul profesional \u0219i tehnic a fost extrem de confuz, ceea ce a dus la o sc\u0103dere drastic\u0103 a num\u0103rului elevilor \u0219i la percep\u021bia c\u0103 \u201e\u0219colile profesionale s-au desfiin\u021bat\u201d.<\/p>\n

    Astfel, \u00eenainte de\u00a01990 \u0219i c\u00e2\u021biva ani dup\u0103, Rom\u00e2nia avea \u0219coli profesionale de trei ani care func\u021bionau pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 \u00eentreprinderi \u00een care elevii f\u0103ceau practic\u0103, aveau burse \u0219i locuri de munc\u0103 asigurate. O dat\u0103 cu dispari\u021bia platformelor industriale, \u0219colile profesionale au intrat \u00een declin \u0219i s-au transformat \u00een licee teoretice.<\/p>\n

    \u00cen 2003, ministrul Educa\u021biei, Ecaterina Andronescu, a introdus \u0218colile de Arte \u0219i Meserii (SAM) cu durata de doi ani,<\/strong> care permiteau elevilor care nu puteau sau nu voiau s\u0103 fac\u0103 un liceu teoretic, s\u0103 \u00eenve\u021be o meserie. \u0218ase ani mai t\u00e2rziu, tot Ecaterina Andronescu a desfiin\u021bat SAM-urile \u0219i a transferat locurile care le-ar fi revenit acestora c\u0103tre liceele tehnologice, care \u00eei \u00eenv\u0103\u021bau pe elevi o meserie \u00een patru ani, \u0219i la finalul c\u0103rora trebuia s\u0103 dea BAC-ul.<\/p>\n

    \u00cen 2011, ministerul a re\u00eenfiin\u021bat, \u00een cadrul liceelor tehnologice, \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul profesional de doi ani, dar \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu clasa a X-a, nu cu a IX-a, ca \u00eenainte. \u0218i asta pentru c\u0103, odat\u0103 cu noua Lege a Educa\u021biei Na\u021bionale din acela\u0219i an, a IX-a era considerat\u0103 clas\u0103 obligatorie de gimnaziu, \u00een \u00eencercarea de a reduce abandonul \u0219colar.\u00a0Dup\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 doi ani, clasa a IX-a s-a \u00eentors la liceul, ceea ce \u00eensemna \u0219i c\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul profesional avea s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 ca \u00eenainte, \u00een clasa a IX-a \u0219i s\u0103 dureze trei ani, \u00een loc de doi.<\/p>\n

    Metodologia de func\u021bionare a \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntului profesional dual a fost perfectat\u0103 de abia \u00een noiembrie 2016 \u0219i presupune:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • clasele vor fi create doar la cererea angajatorilor<\/strong>, care depun cifra de \u0219colarizare \u0219i specializarea de care au nevoie la inspectorate, care apoi contacteaz\u0103 liceele;<\/li>\n
    • r\u0103spundere asumat\u0103 \u00een propor\u021bie de 50% \u0219i 50%<\/strong>: firmele supravegheaz\u0103 buna desf\u0103\u0219urare a practicii, iar profesorii se ocup\u0103 de orele de teorie;<\/li>\n
    • \u00een clasele profesionale duale din liceele de stat se vor putea \u00eenscrie gratuit<\/strong> tinerii de cel mult 26 de ani<\/strong> care au abandonat dup\u0103 cele zece clase obligatorii;<\/li>\n
    • deduceri de cheltuieli pentru firmele care se implic\u0103 \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul profesional dual;<\/li>\n
    • firmele partenere pot acorda burse pentru elevi, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 bursa profesional\u0103 de 200 lei pe lun\u0103 pe care statul o d\u0103 tuturor elevilor din \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u0103ntul profesional \u0219i tehnologic;<\/li>\n
    • elevii care \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 \u00een alt\u0103 localitate vor avea mas\u0103, cazare \u0219i transport gratuit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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